Dengue is a mosquito-borne flaviviral illness that is endemic in the tropics and subtropics. If the global numbers are to be believed, an estimated 390 million infections occur annually, of which 96 million have clinical manifestations. Although the evidence reported in the researches have been indicating that the mortality rate is a bit lower than that of other tropical infections, it has become a global public health problem owing to the large scale of human suffering and economic resources that are expended to control the menace caused by the disease.
The factors driving transmission and infection persist without evidence of decline. For these reasons, the world needs a safe and effective dengue vaccine.
Devil in details
Infection with one of the four types of dengue virus (stereotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) may result in an asymptomatic infection, a mild nonspecific viral illness, classic dengue fever, or severe dengue manifested by plasma leakage, hemorrhagic tendencies, and possibly death. Patients with a second infection with a different stereotype are at increased risk for severe disease. The mechanisms responsible for enhanced disease have not been completely elucidated. It is theorized the humoral and cellular convalescent immune profiles that are present after a first infection may not only fail to control a second infection with a different stereotype but may also facilitate increased target-cell infection, viral replication, and generation of a so-called pro inflammatory cytokine storm.
Prevention is the Cure
Although there have been a great number of medical discoveries which has accelerated the treatment of the disease and has also impacted the whole process in a positive light, the prevention of the mosquitoes is still being on the priority list of the government and the public to put an end to the menace. There have been substantial efforts by the administration bodied to to check the breeding of the mosquitoes which are the primary causes of the disease. In urban areas, Aedes mosquitoes breed on water collections in artificial containers such as plastic cups, used tires, broken bottles, flower pots, etc. Periodic draining or removal of artificial containers is the most effective way of reducing the breeding grounds for mosquitoes. For reducing the adult mosquito load, fogging with insecticide is somewhat effective.
To eliminate standing water:- Unclog roof gutters;- Empty children's wading pools at least once a week;- Change water in birdbaths at least weekly;- Get rid of old tires in your yard, as they collect standing water;- Empty unused containers, such as flower pots, regularly or store them upside down;- Drain any collected water from afire pit regularly.
Source : articlesbase.com
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