Causes for Hair loss in Children's

Most of the children are suffering with hair loss due to the following conditions.

Tinea capitis

 Normally known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection typically seen on the skin of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles. It will show up in a number of ways, The children's who are suffering from Tinea capities usually have a patchy hair The patches are normally spherical or oval. The hairs could also be broken off at the surface of the skin and appearance like black dots on the scalp.

alopecia areata

it is the unexpected appearance of round or oval patches of hair loss. These patches are fully slick bald or smooth without any signs of inflammation, scaling, or broken hairs. They appear literally overnight, or generally over a couple of days. Alopecia areata is believed to be caused by the body's immune system attacking the hair follicles. At any given moment, about 1 in 1,000 kids has alopecia areata. About 25th of those children will also have pitting or ridging of the nails. With appropriate treatment, a large percentage of patients will have all of their hair back within a year.several will have it sooner. 

 Telogen effluvium

it  is another common reason for hair loss in children.to understand telogen effluvium, one must understand a hair's normal life cycle. An each follicle has a long growth phase, producing steadily growing hair for 2 to 6 years (on average 3 years). This is followed by a brief transitional section (about 3 weeks) when the hair follicle degenerates. This in turn is followed by a resting phase (about 3 months) when the follicle lies dormant. This last section is called the telogenphase.Following the telogen phase, the growth phase begins again -- new hairs grow and push out the old hair shafts. the whole cycle repeats. For many individuals, 80th to 90th of the follicles are within the growth phase, 5-hitter are in the brief transition phase, and 100% to fifteen are within the telogen phase. Each day about 50-150 hairs are shed and replaced by new hairs. In telogen effluvium, something happens to interrupt this normal life cycle and to throw many or all of the hairs into the telogen phase. Between 6 and 16 weeks later, partial or complete baldness appears. many different events will cause telogen effluvium, including, extremely high fevers, surgery under general anesthesia, excess vitamin a, severe prolonged emotional stress such as a death of a loved one, severe injuries and the use of certain prescription medication like accutane for acne.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Tinea capitis:

 The diagnosis is suspected based on the appearance of the scalp. A Wood's lamp check could also be performed to verify the presence of a fungal scalp infection. Wood's lamp is a test that is performed in a dark space where ultraviolet light is shined on the area of interest. No scalp biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis.

Treatment:

 Tinea capitis is typically treated with an antifungal, like griseofulvin, which is taken orally for 8 weeks. Tinea capitis is additionally treated with Nizoral shampoo, which is used to clean the scalp 2-3 timesper week. it is important to continue the use of the oral medication and shampoo for the entire eightweeks. Treatment failure is common when medications don't seem to be taken everyday for the fulleight weeks. Children who have tinea capitis are not required to depart school if treatment is used as directed. most kids are not contagious when using the oral medication and shampoo.

Alopecia Areata

Currently there are no conclusive diagnostic tests for alopecia areata. Dermatologists deduce alopecia areata by a method of elimination of other hair loss causes and the close examination of the bald patch itself. Typically, the initial alopecia areata lesion seems as a smooth bald patch sometimes within 24hours. Some individuals feel a tingling sensation or pain in the affected area. The scalp is the most commonly affected area, but alopecia areata can present in any region of hair on the body. Hair pull tests are sometimes conducted at the margins of lesions. If hair is easily pulled out, it's indicative that the lesion is active and further hair loss ought to be anticipated. Since alopecia areata is fairly distinctive it's usually correctly diagnosed with a simple visual examination.

Treatment:

There is no cure for alopecia areata and unfortunately since there is little understanding of the disease there aren't any fda approved medication or treatments specifically designed to treat AA. There are, however, several drugs being prescribed off label for the treatment of AA. These medicationare incorporated into the treatment protocols that appear to help a certain percentage of these afflicted with this disease. Keep in mind that whereas these treatments may promote hair growth, none of them prevent new patches or really cure the underlying disease. Consult your health care professional regarding the best option for your child. Alopecia areata is an unpredictable disease and even with complete remission it's possible for it to occur again throughout your child's lifespan.

Telogen effluvium

There are no conclusive diagnostic tests to accurately diagnose telogen effluvium. an in depthmedical history is taken, however it usually comes down to the expertise of the doctor to make thediagnosis.

Treatment:

In children, once the stressful event is over, full hair growth typically occurs between six months and one year.

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Source : articlesbase.com